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2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 24(1): 34-43, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089324

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Multidrug-resistant gram-negative rods (MDR GNR) represent a growing threat for patients with cancer. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of and risk factors for MDR GNR bacteremia in patients with cancer and to develop a clinical score to predict MDR GNR bacteremia. Material and Methods: Multicenter prospective study analyzing initial episodes of MDR GNR bacteremia. Risk factors were evaluated using a multiple logistic regression (forward-stepwise selection) analysis including variables with a p < 0.10 in univariate analysis. Results: 394 episodes of GNR bacteremia were included, with 168 (42.6 %) being MDR GNR. Five variables were identified as independent risk factors: recent antibiotic use (OR = 2.8, 95 % CI 1.7-4.6, p = 0.001), recent intensive care unit admission (OR = 2.9, 95 % CI 1.1-7.8, p = 0.027), hospitalization ≥ 7 days prior to the episode of bacteremia (OR = 3.5, 95 % CI 2-6.2, p = 0.005), severe mucositis (OR = 5.3, 95 % CI 1.8-15.6, p = 0.002), and recent or previous colonization/infection with MDR GNR (OR = 2.3, 95 % CI 1.2-4.3, p = 0.028). Using a cut-off value of two points, the score had a sensitivity of 66.07 % (95 % CI 58.4-73.2 %), a specificity of 77.8 % (95 % CI 71.4-82.7 %), a positive predictive value of 68 % (95 % CI 61.9-73.4 %), and a negative predictive value of 75.9 % (95 % CI 71.6-79.7 %). The overall performance of the score was satisfactory (AUROC 0.78; 95 % CI 0.73-0.82). In the cases with one or none of the risk factors identified, the negative likelihood ratio was 0.18 and the post-test probability of having MDR GNR was 11.68 %. Conclusions: With the growing incidence of MDR GNR as etiologic agents of bacteremia in cancer patients, the development of this score could be a potential tool for clinicians.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology , Bacteremia/etiology , Risk Assessment/methods , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Neoplasms/microbiology , Argentina , Time Factors , Logistic Models , Multivariate Analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Statistics, Nonparametric , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/complications
3.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 24(90): 2-10, 20160000. fig, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1531714

ABSTRACT

El ácido all-transretinoico (ATRA) es uno de los mayores avan-ces en el tratamiento de las leucemias promielocíticas agudas (LPA). Con el uso asociado de quimioterapia y corticoides hacen de ésta leu-cemia las de mejor pronóstico hematológico con altas tasas de cu-ración. El ATRA es generalmente bien tolerado pero puede presen-tar efectos adversos sistémicos, englobados dentro del denominado sindrome ATRA (SATRA), o efectos directos gastrointestinales y mu-cocutáneos tales como las úlceras escrotales, transitorias y de buena respuesta clínica, tratándose de una entidad diferente al SATRA con presencia de vasculitis en el estudio anatomopatológico. En la revisión que realizáramos, hemos detectado 44 casos reportados en la literatu-ra a los que hemos agregado, en el siguiente documento, seis pacientes evaluados en nuestra institución con úlceras genitales asociadas al uso de ATRA, cuatro de ellos con presencia de vasculitis como lesión histo-lógica y un paciente con diagnóstico de síndrome Sweet


All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is one of the greatest advances in the treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. The combination of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), chemotherapy and corticoids has made acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) a highly curable leukemia. The ATRA is generally well tolerated. Adverse effects, include ATRA syndrome (SATRA), and the gastrointestinal and mucocutaneous side effects, such us scrotal ulcers, wich are transitory and with a good clinical response. They are a different entity to SATRA, and presents vasculitis in the histological study. Of our knowledge, 44 cases were reported in the literature, we present the following document with six patients evaluated at our institution with genital ulcers associated with ATRA, four of them present vasculitis in pathological study, and one patient Sweet ́s Syndrome


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Scrotum/injuries , Tretinoin/therapeutic use , Vasculitis/therapy , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/therapy , Genitalia/injuries
4.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 21(81): 73-83, sep.2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-777929

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones por bacilos Gram negativos multiresistentes (BGN-MR) son frecuentes en nuestro hospital. Presentan limitadas opciones terapéuticas e importante impacto en la morbimortalidad y costos. Objetivo: analizar los factoes de riesgo y evolución de las bacteriemias por BGN-MR en pacientes neutropénicos febriles con patologías hematológicas. Materiales y métodos: estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y observacional de los factores de riesgo para BGN-MR en la población descripta. Se realizó análisis univariado y multivariado de variables clínicas, epidemiológicas, microbiológicas y evolutivas. Resultados: El 27 % de los episodios de neutropenia y fiebre cursaron con bacteriemias por BGN, 42 % de ellos fueron producidos por BGN-MR. En el análisis univariado, dichas bacteriemias se asociaron al uso previo de antibióticos; a las bacteriemias de brecha y neutropenias mayores a 7 días. En el análisis multivariado la bacteriemia de brecha mantuvo su significancia estadística (P<0,001; OR: 5,17; IC 95 % 2,1-12,7). Acinetobacter spp fue el BGN-MR más frecuentemente aislado incluso en los pacientes fallecidos. No se detectó el foco en el 45,9 % de los episodios. Los tratamientos inadecuados fueron significativamente más frecuentes en los pacientes con BGN-MR y la mortalidad tanto global como atribuible también se asoció significativamente al tratamiento inadecuado de las bacteriemias por BGN-MR (P<0,04;RR: 2,46;IC 95 % 1,03-5,9 y P< 0,014; RR: 3,02; IC 95 % 1,22-0,45 respectivamente). Conclusiones: Las bacteriemias por BGN-MR son frecuentes en la población estudiada en especial los que han recibido ATB previo y en las que surgen intratratamiento ATB. Recibieron con mayor frecuencia tratamiento empírico inadecuado, lo que se asoció a mayor mortalidad...


Bacterial infections by multiresistant Gram-negative bacilli (BGN-MR) are an increasing problem in our hospital with a major impact on morbidity, mortality and costs. Objective: to analize risk factors and outcome in bacteremia due to multiresistant Gram-negative bacilli in febrile neutropenic patients with hematologic diseases. Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective, descriptive and observational study to describe the risk factors and outcome of BGN-MR bacteremia in these patients. Results: Twenty seven percent of neutropenia and fever episodes had Gram-negative bacilli bacteremia and 42 % of them were caused by BGN-MR. Previous use of antibioteics, breakthrough bacteremia and prolonged neutropenia (<7 days) were significant in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis only breakthrough bacteremia was significant (P< 0.001; OR 5,17;IC 95 % 2.1-12.7). Acinetobactersppp was the most common BGN-MR isolated in blood-stream infections and in patients who died. The source of infections was unknown in 45,9 % of the episodes. Inadequate empirical therapy was most common in BGN-MR bacteremia and it was associated with increased overall and attributable mortality (P<0.04; RR: 2.46; IC 95 % 1.03-5.9 y P<0.014; RR: 3.02; IC 95 % 1.22-7.45). Conclusions: BGN-MR was frequent in neutropenic patients with hematological diseases specially in those exposed to antibiotics and in breakthroug bacteremia. Inappropiate antimicrobial therapy was common and is associated with adverse outcome...


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia/pathology , Chi-Square Distribution , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/pathology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/therapy , Multivariate Analysis , Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology , Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy , Neutropenia/pathology , Risk Factors
5.
Actual. SIDA ; 17(63): 18-23, mar. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-521990

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas son una importante causa de morbimortalidad en los pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Diversos factores han producido, en los últimos años, un cambio en la epidemiología de éstas, con aislamiento de hongos infrecuentes hasta hace dos décadas (zygomicetos; Fusarium spp y Scedosporium spp), presentando un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico. En este reporte describimos un paciente con diagnóstico reciente de VIH/sida, trabajador rural, con antecedentes de fiebre, diarrea y cuadro respiratorio, quien durante la internación presentó un cuadro de neutropenia febril, desarrollando una infección diseminada por Scedosporium prolificans, tratado con éxito con voriconazol.


Invasive fungal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Over recent decades numerous factors have contributed to a change in the apidemiology of invasive mycoses. There have been increasing reports of infections due to new and emerging pathogens such as zygomycetes, Fusarium spp and Scedosporium spp, which pose a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Fungi , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/mortality , Opportunistic Infections , Scedosporium/isolation & purification , Rural Workers
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